Royal jelly (RJ), a nutrient-rich secretion fed exclusively to queen honeybees, exhibits diverse biological
activities. Due to limited insights into its effects on central nervous system (CNS)-related
functions and pathologies, this review attempts to recapitalize the recent advances of
neuroregulatory function of RJ in mammals and humans. Another central aim of this review is
to summarize the known mechanisms underlying the neuroregulatory effect of RJ. RJ
components were first discussed concerning their link to neuroprotection, with a focus on the
queen bee acid (QBA, 10-HDA, trans-10‑hydroxy-2-decenoic acid), MRJPs (major royal jelly
proteins), and microbiota. The neuroregulatory implications of RJ are then categorized into
three domains: fundamental CNS functions, including learning and memory, in vitro neuronal
cell activity and social behavior; neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD),
Parkinson’s disease (PD), anxiety and depression; neurotoxic events. In terms of mechanistic
insights, RJ modulates neuroinflammation, a pivotal driver of neurological disorders, and acts
as an HDAC (histone deacetylase) inhibitor among other epigenetic regulators, influencing
gene expression in the CNS. Emerging evidence also implicates the microbiota-gut-brain
(MGB) axis, where RJ alters gut microbiota composition, subsequently impacting brain
function. Finally, we outline critical research directions, including clinical significance,
comparisons with other honeybee products, epigenetic mechanisms, and RJ’s untapped role
in reshaping social behaviors. This review aims to consolidate our knowledge on the
neuroregulatory effects of RJ, underscoring its therapeutic potential for neurological
conditions in both nutritional and pharmaceutical contexts.
Zhu, F, et al. 2025. Neuroregulatory effect of royal jelly. J Nutr Biochem, 145, 110028
